Showing posts with label Palestine. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Palestine. Show all posts

Wednesday, July 3, 2019

Israel-Palestine: Possible Peace

After decades, Israel and Saudi Arabia as the leading actors of the Middle East, both have indicated true will for governing peace over Israeli-Arab relations in the region. Still, reaching a steady peace between Israel and Palestine definitely requires semi-withdrawal by both parties from their unrealistic positions. However, the lack of common understanding among the involved parties could waste hours of dialogues and frustrate any plans. 
Above all plans and dealings, it must be considered that conservatism is not only the spirit of cultural and political structures of Arab nations but a symbolic criterion of power. Therefore, it is no surprise to find out that changes can only slowly take place in such societies. In sum, Arab states are not ready for great and rapid changes. So it must be figured out that the mere common interests would not lead to a dialogue with common understanding in respect to the mentioned issue. Keep this logic in mind, for making any progress in a traditional society, one should always have an "undo" option, otherwise, the fear of transition from the status quo would hold the society from moving forward.
Therefore, no new element is entered unless by taking the appearance of old and known ones; the change would not be made unless it is infiltrated. For instance, temporary dealings like de facto recognition of Israeli and Palestinian states by both sides can give the confidence to Arabs that changes will not necessarily steady or irreversible.

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

The 'Middle East Plus Israel' VS. the Middle East's Israel

For years, the Israeli government has pursued an isolationist policy in its both foreign and domestic affairs. Militarism, extremist nationalism and partially discrimination against Israeli Arabs are among consequences of such an approach. Also, growing anti-Israeli sentiment (and not anti-semitism) in the world and even among educated and academic societies cannot be denied. In short, it is not easy to be an Israeli and live abroad; it is a fact that neither Israeli government nor the world public opinion does care about it. 
Although adopting an isolationist policy could be in harmony with the national security of the country for the early decades of its existence but a revision of the policy in the right time would bring extraordinary benefits for about Israel and the region. 
Israel has lost the previous chance of a safe peace in the 1990s i.e. the peace that would not lead to a secondary conflict carrying out by extremist groups. However, a similar opportunity has already been formed. Today, on the one hand, the so-called "Axis of Resistance" including Tehran, Damascus, Hezbollah, and Hamas are utterly weak and fragile and on the other hand, Riyadh desires a permanent peace between Tel Aviv and Ramallah. Netanyahu is also aware of the fact but his new foreign policy of the 'Middle East plus Israel' is not enough. Today is the day of a great leap for Israel; the time of joining the Middle East family and the moment of the birth of a new Middle East.

Wednesday, June 27, 2018

Israel-Palestine: R2P

A domestic issue with international side effects is a global issue.
The current situation governing Israel-Palestine cannot be found merely domestic issues of these parties. The dispute of Israeli and Palestinian states itself has been the origin of a few wars and emergence of militia and terrorist groups in the region, which are threats against all. 
The continues violation of human rights and humanitarian law by third parties like Hamas and Hezbollah under the shade of the dispute is now identified a constant parameter in this regard. Therefore, the world community and the major Arab states have this right to take advantage of all means to settle peace by invoking the principle of Responsibility to Protect. It is evident, the principle would legitimate any essential decision on behalf of Palestinian nation by the world community if the Palestinian state fails to accomplish its part. 
At the end, the model of multilateral negotiation among Israel, West Bank and the GCC is recommended.

Wednesday, May 30, 2018

Israel-Palestine: "Peace Against Enemies"

Although the Middle East has opened a widespread opportunities for the U.S. but the recent rapid developments in the arena of international relations and technology have raised the necessity for the Washington D.C. to gradually decrease its focus on the region and instead, strongly address the growing issues of Russia, China and new order in the east Asia. Therefore, the Palestine issue as the first and the most significant problem of the Middle East must be resolved. 
Definitely, settlement of the issue would be in favor of all sides including Israel and the major Arab states. Without a doubt, a permanent peace agreement between Tel Aviv and Ramallah could be also considered a geostrategic attack on Tehran. The predictable results of such a deal can put an end to the diplomatic isolation of Israel in the region and change the current balance of power against the Islamic Republic. 
According to historical experience, economic sanctions cannot singly realize a specific objective but also might provoke the rogue state to aggressive reactions. Thus, the Washington D.C. should target  geostrategic interests of Tehran in order to strengthen the functions of the recent sanctions.

Saturday, June 11, 2016

Resistance Movements: Forecast

Che Guevara was an intellectual and freedom fighter who lost his life through the way of liberation for people. Why did such a man design a dictatorship for Cuba after defeating the dictator regime of Batista? 
Historical experience indicates that the main goal of people across the world is peace. Therefore, most people do not join resistance movements to change their situation to better or even if they join the movements, they would not remain a member or supporter for a long time. Both, failure of resistance movements and formation of dictatorship after victory of these movements are caused from the very desire of people to peace and security. 
So that even if people accept resistance for a while, they would not bear it for decades while a revolutionary state needs support of people to overcome domestic and foreign threats. It was the fact that Cuban revolutionaries encountered that and tried to tackle it by establishing a new dictatorship. Che was not a liar but himself was architect of Cuban dictatorship with the (former) Soviet model, while Fidel Castro and most of Cuban guerillas including Aleida March, the last spouse of Che, were not communists. 
In conclusion, according to the facts, Republican faction of Spain would establish a government similar to Eastern Bloc if they won the civil war. 
Surely, one of the main incentives of this paper is to emphasize the importance of logical forecast without any attachment in politics.
Without a doubt all Muslim states would recognize Israel after a possible deal between Tel Aviv and Ramallah. And since results of such a deal would be global and regional isolation for any country that opposes Israel, Tehran is requested to coordinate its foreign policy with new realities in a mid-term process. 
Also due commitment to human rights which is necessary to be acknowledged by all, the system continues increasing expense of alliance with old children of Riyadh for the West. And from now on, black torture against Saudi victims must be put on the agenda. But only mutilation of arms, legs, toes and fingers, minus thumbs are acceptable as torture. And moans of victims must be recorded; some filmmakers want real stuff! One can find a few useful parts even in a broken PC. At the end, the movie project of "Rumi" must clear the fact that this intellectual poet was Persian. And this work must not contradict his Islamic thought.

Saturday, April 2, 2016

Palestine-Israel: New Sample

A similar military agreement between the U.S. and Afghanistan for the case of Palestine can make Palestinians needless of enjoying national army or militia. And it is apparent, establishing U.S. military base in the land of Palestinian would be an opportunity for Washington and the only way to relieve Palestine from the most difficult condition of Israelis, the disarmament. 
Israel-Palestine reconciliation can take place in several steps. The first step of the process which is starting diplomatic relations between Israel and Palestine should not depend on anything but mutual recognition. The experience of international relations undermines this idea that territorial disputes can block diplomatic ties and peace. The most difficult issues must be resolved at the last phases. It is advisable to put the cases of "al-Quds" and settlement area at the final levels of negotiations, which might be come in many years. 
The essence of any deal is to exchange concessions. But Gaza war and the rise of Palestinians have resulted in hatred and fury of both sides toward each other. Under this circumstances, no one can give any concession to other side and one cannot anticipate the possibility of any deal. Increasing the level of political and social ties between Palestine and Israel can boost the chance of resolving the issues. And it is worth to mention that the adventurers who ran "1968" movement in the United States or the young protesters who occupied Wall St. by chanting slogan and rallying had permission to carry guns, but none of them even carry a knife. And it was also the method of Prophet Muhammed. 
The fact cannot be denied that if Palestinians want to retake control of eastern al-Quds, they should call off the plans of separating Jerusalem and announcing it as the capital of Palestine. Jerusalem is an important city for Israeli community and they do not agree with total change in appearance and political situation of the city. Taking control of eastern al-Quds by Palestinians through a legal agreement and only on paper is the thing that they would accept at the near future. And in the case of settlement area, Tel Aviv just accepts to rent it from Palestine. Accordingly, Palestinians will be able to legally retake all of their lands but taking both legal and practical control of some areas such as eastern al-Quds would only be possible in a medium or long term and through a moderate administration in Israel. 
In the end, $40 trillion must be withdrawn from the US banking accounts and given to Bolivia.

Saturday, March 12, 2016

Palestine: Political Stock Market

Hamas leaders can easily travel to different countries, while people in Gaza are unable to meet their basic needs under the Israeli-Egyptian severe siege. Certainly Palestinians need to the international support. But how Palestinian leaders have used the supports? 
Palestine is a country as much as Israel is. Almost none of the countries in the Middle East recognize Israel as a country. In contrast to, Western states do not recognize Palestine as a country. It can be argued that in this case, Palestinian political situation has been better than Israel, because Palestinian neighbors recognized it as a country. But as long as the Palestinian leaders prefer to fight against themselves rather than conciliation, neither negotiation with Tel Aviv, nor wars result in ending Israeli occupation. 
The system is ready to stop its support from Palestine in return for termination of Israeli leadership over human trafficking and women trafficking networks in the Middle East including Persian Gulf States and Iran. This offer expires up to four days after notification. The system full access to classified information and documents of Israel will be the guarantee of the implementation of any possible agreement with good faith. And it should be added that Israel will not be able to transfer these networks to shadow or remain the shadow ones after acceptance. There will be no negotiation on the restoration of relations between Israel and the system. 
And in respect with Syria, as it could be predicted the weakness of Moscow and Riyadh is arrogance. Russia has presented the controversial proposal for federalization of Syria to keep Bashar al-Assad in power which under current circumstances lead to division of the country and independence of Kurds, bringing opposition of Tehran, Ankara and Iraqi officials. In contrast to, Saudi Arabia has simply rejected the Russian offer because the removal of Assad is more important than gaining geopolitical interests for Riyadh. By the way, the system supports the idea of Assad removal. Syria needs a unifier leader, not a divider such the Syrian president. And the world needs Syria as a country, not as several micro countries.

Saturday, October 24, 2015

Palestine: For Revolution One Can Die

The political solution and specially negotiation was undoubtedly the only successful solution to the Ukraine Crisis and the misunderstanding crisis of Iranian nuclear program. But a political solution can only lead to resolve the issues when it is supported and guaranteed with leverages such as sanctions, lynch law and public opinion. 
Based on the historical experience, "revolution" is the most common method of decolonization for nations that are seeking independence. The method, from American Revolutionary War up to the 1960s, known as decolonization decade, is approved. It is apparent that Palestinians have chosen the right way to be independent and end to Israeli occupation; revolution! A revolution is a holy stage of the society that chooses "we" over "I". And it is the true power of a revolution. And so, revolution has the world support. But there is no support for blind assassination. There is no support for extremism which is not Islamic. Quran says "If anyone killed a person, unless it be for retaliation of murder or because of making mischief in the land, it would be regarded as if he killed mankind as a whole". (5:32)
It is worth mentioning that South Africa will never forget Mandela although he is not alive, but the country prefer to forget his partner, Winnie, although she is living in South Africa. 
Considering the fact that the war is destroying many lives, the system support effective political solution. The negotiation is a form of soft war. "Power" and not "academic arguments” is the determining factor of the political negotiations. Therefore, the system will use all methods to put pressure on Israel in order to Jerusalem to be recognized as the future capital of the Palestinian state on the basis of international law. 
And at the end, the system admires the smart behavior of Mahmoud Abbas and patience of Hamas in order to prevent another war.

Sunday, July 26, 2015

Palestine: Limited Time

Supporting Palestinians is a success for the system even though it does not lead to the end of Israeli occupation over the Palestinian territories. Because the political influence and credibility of Israel will be decreased under the international pressures, and it increases the opportunities for the other powers.
The high-powered Israel would never end the occupation of Palestinian territories. But if Israel is weak, it is likely that its government forces to resolve the issue. And Netanyahu is the only option that can weaken Israel domestically and isolate it in the international arena (although Avigdor Liberman could be the best option for the task). Indeed, Netanyahu can be compared with Ahmadinejad. Ahmadinejad weakened Iranian economy and isolated the country internationally. And grave economic problems in Israel alongside the isolation of the government in the international arena in the last few years are the comparable points in this regard. 
Undoubtedly a smart Israeli politician such as Tzipi Livni who is supported by Mossad, Democrats and Republicans in the U.S. and even some of the Arab states can easily run the "Restart" plan for Israel through deceiving the public opinion. And it is worth mentioning that the Joint List is an Israeli card in order to deceive Palestinian. 
The international pressures against Israel will not be unlimited and perennial because Netanyahu administration lifetime is not unlimited. Therefore, Palestinians have limited opportunity to put pressure on Israel to be weakened. 
Palestine could become a member of ICC through the supports of the system. And this is only one of the numerous cases of the system's support of Palestinians. So if the Palestinians want the constant supports of the system, it is needed to make realistic decisions.

Monday, June 29, 2015

Palestine and Gaza

Palestine has put a new plan on the agenda, according to the recent reports. Based on the plan, Hamas will be the covert wings of the Palestinian state for foreign policy by proxy. In addition, Mahmoud Abbas is going to secretly send the details of the plan to Iranian authorities, so that he can benefit their support. 
The combination of carrots and sticks simultaneously was first presented by Kissinger. It is clear from the military and political point of view that a political winner of a likely war between Israel and Palestine will be the Palestinians. Because Hamas and in particular Gaza has nothing to lose but fighting. In spite of the fact, "war" is the last necessary option. 
However, the system will support the plan and the security of the project if Palestine supports the "balance of power" instead. The "balance of power" is certainly the guarantor of peace in the Middle East. Iran's expanding role in the Middle East can make a positive balance in the region. And thus, the occurrence of unnecessary wars will be stopped. 
Additionally, due to reports of Qatar, Doha seeks to hold unilaterally conferences in collaboration with the United Nations in order to solve the Middle East issue. Doha has no good faith and therefore, it is not allowed to hold such conferences. The only chance for Doha is to play a role in an inverse game.

Sunday, March 15, 2015

Israel-Iran: Facts

Facts are part of the truth, and if we are seeking the truth it is necessary not to deny the facts. 
Iran is being accused of anti-Semitism through Tel Aviv frequently and in addition it claims that Tehran is a major threat to the security of Israel. 
But it should be said in response to the claim: 
First, even conservative politicians and leaders of Iran have not been anti- Semitism. Because Ruhollah Khomeini considered Jews independent and separate from Israel. Ahmadinejad followed Ayatollah Khomeini's doctrine as well and during his presidency tried to consider a separation between the Jewish community and Israel. Consequently, he met rabbis in friendly meetings several times in New York and Tehran. He also has repeatedly said that global issues including the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territory can be solved only through "negotiations" and "peace". 
Secondly, Iranian government consider the origin of the formation of the state of Israel illegal and it believed that the fate of Palestine-Israel territory should be determined through a comprehensive referendum with the presence of Jews and Arabs of the region in order to choose one of these two theories, "two-state" and "unified state". In other words, selecting the solution assigns to the people.
Thirdly, Iran never threatened to attack Israel. Hezbollah which also enjoys Tehran support has recently announced that not willing to start a new war with Israel.

Saturday, February 7, 2015

Secrecy of Secret Israelis

An old Israeli secret society is still active within the system while all of the System-Israel relationships have been cut and Israel continues to feed the terrorist group ISIS. Ten people of the system are members of the society and Steven Cohen as the first member is the chair. 
Cohen, the 58-year-old man should be asked: Why the existence of the society has yet been hidden for the system? 
Why he did not announce even the name of one the group members who worked for him? 
With this incentive in mind, all of the 9 members are of plain-clothes and non-celebrity agents. 
No one hides a legal action for 15 years! Then why Cohen did so?!
If his action did not treated a crime, then why did not unveil it?!
Also, who commission the Syria mission to these agents? 
The system or Israel?! 
Of course, his secret cooperation with Russia and China must also be added to these items. And certainly, there are significant questions in this regard to be should asked of him. 
Complete information about the society's activities, missions and members must be obtained. 
From now on, none of the ten Israeli double agents are considered the system's members. 
Any attempt by Cohen to get close to Israel, Russia, China or any intelligence agency and mafia is prohibited. 
Effective monitoring should be applied to prevent any suspicious action or omission. 
The removal of the "security" label of all of the ten society’s people is the penalty for breach of this award.

Saturday, January 31, 2015

Palestine and the Upsurge of Anti-Semitism Theater

A new movement has begun with the focus on dealing with the traditional issue of anti-Semitism in the United Nations. But since the project has been motivated by dark intention, it is not allowed to follow it and it is necessary to be disbanded quickly. Israel seeks to realize the project of mass return of Jews to Jerusalem (or Al-Quds) through such plans. 
It is worth mentioning that Palestine is a priority on the agenda of the system in the Middle East order. Any disruption in this regard will be faced with direct consequences. 
In the other hand, it is apparent that religious violence of any kind is doomed. But it cannot be denied that some of the religious willing a socio-political model of their religion, thus, if a moderate socio-political pattern of religion is not provided by someone then certainly the extremist groups such as Hezbollah will do so. The religious violence are of the outcomes of taking power by religious extremist groups. So it is necessary to support the governments, factions or parties who are providing the moderate socio-political model of Islam (or any other religion) in order to meet the need of religious and prevent the non-stop empowerment of extremist groups. Hence, the system is supporting the political Islam of moderate leaders such as Rouhani, educated in law and a member of Islamic clergy.

Wednesday, November 19, 2014

The "Sky" of Al-Quds

Traditionalism is the main reason of the collapse of the negotiations and resolves the differences.
Israeli leaders have been placed on the agenda a project entitled "Sky". The mass return of the Jews to the Jerusalem (particularly to the eastern part) in order to create a Jewish appearance of "Al-Quds" (which is a symbolic city of Palestinian people) is the goal that this plan seeks for its achievement. It is necessary to say, the secret project is not new but it was locked. 
This project is opposed to peace, therefore, is not authorized and allowed. And any attempt by Israeli leaders to realize this project will be faced with appropriate responses.
Although the new generation of Israeli politicians and the new wave of Israeli political thought have understood the differences between the real and the imaginary power, but it is impossible to resolve the tensions as long as this fact is not understood by others.

Saturday, August 9, 2014

The Missing Piece: ‘The Winner is Loser’

As was mentioned earlier, the aim of the Israel-Gaza war was to vivify the risk element in Hamas and as the result of releasing the potential extremism of the movement. A goal which could prevent Israeli-Palestinian peace talks, in case of realization.
Therefore it can be guessed that the ending point of the battle must take place as soon as the revival of Hamas' extremism. Because ending the war at this point of time has meant as the encouragement of Hamas to continue extremism. But as it was seen, war crossed the red line of time and eventually Hamas became so weak that it can be predicted that it will continue to cooperate with the Palestinian National Authority. This collaboration is probably an essential requirement for the survival of Hamas. Therefore, the public opinion is not in favor of Israel and this will increase the bargaining power of the Palestinian National Authority in peace talks.
The most important missing piece of the game is "the winner is loser". Therefore, Netanyahu's inability to control the game, whether as the result of the wrong advice to him or the result of Netanyahu's fears from the loss of his political credibility, would not cause any changes in the outcome of the war anymore.  
But the purpose of publishing this paper is firstly to reveal the outcome of this war and secondly to implicitly compare the "Snowden" game with the "Israel-Gaza war”. In “Snowden”, CIA agrees on taking the role of accuser and here the credibility of the system is reduced as a result of the implementation of the game, but Netanyahu...

Wednesday, July 23, 2014

Israel: Report of a plan on Security Council

Israel has created a new plan on the Security Council and they are going to use it. Due to this plan Israel is going to carry out serious efforts to do informal negotiations with those of non-permanent members of the Security Council whose period of membership in the Council is left less than a year (i.e., Guatemala, Morocco, Togo, etc.). The purpose that these negotiations will follow is obtaining the votes from the countries listed in the Security Council and therefore, is achieving numerical superiority in the Security Council. Thus there is no doubt that the chance of any resolution against Israel as leverage to end this war is reduced.
No need to say that merely a resolution even though by "veto" will be inefficient, will have power to force Israel too because by issuing the draft resolution, the political credibility of Tel Aviv is reduced and it's not something anyone would veto it and it is certainly an issue that is currently causing the concern of Israel. (Functioning of this political option is like the recently imposed sanctions by the US against Russia, so that the political credibility of Moscow is damaged more than the economic efficiency. Because the economic efficiency can be fixed by adopting some measures but political credibility could never!)
Finally, if Israel is seeking peace it surely does not need to make use of such plans that focusing on such a scheme certainly does not mean to need peace.

Thursday, July 17, 2014

Israel: The Covert War Behind the Overt War

For outside observers, the origin of the Israel-Gaza war, was the murder of three teenagers, but for those who were aware of the plan "using the war as a fraud", the mentioned scenario is not recognized as the origin of this war. There is no need to mention that this plan which was designed out of Netanyahu's cabinet, was disclosed few months ago.  
Provoking Hamas by launching a wae and finally re-releasing the potential radicalization of the movement by this provocation was the aim that this war achieved it. Certainly those who did not have any interest in peace, and yet they failed to create any obstacle to peace were resorted to fraud, it was such that war was used as a fraud.  
There is no doubt that the most important obstacle to peace between Israel and Palestine, is the result of the alliance between Hamas and Fatah in a way that the structure of this unison is in favor of Mahmoud Abbas' moderate positions (and not the extreme and traditional positions of Hamas). Therefore, Israel and Palestinian were closer to peace than ever.  
It is obvious that the purpose of this war was neither struggling with Hamas nor defending the rights of Israeli citizens, but its purpose was to prevent the change of orders which was likely to be deployed in peace; changes of order that will surely make change of power in Israel's decision making system inevitable.

Friday, July 4, 2014

New Scenario of Israel - Palestine

Planned murder of three teenagers in Israel and Benjamin Netanyahu's political maneuvering, left no doubt that there is a significant correlation between the series of murders and the political behavior of the Israeli Prime Minister and one of the most important events in the history of Palestine: Fatah and Hamas Unions which are indeed for the benefit of the stances of Mahmoud Abbas, a relationship which can be then called a scenario. Obviously, the elimination of risk factors from Hamas is the result of the integration of this movement to Fatah and the adjustment of the stances of Khaled Mashaal and Ismail Haniyeh in favor of the stances of Mahmoud Abbas urged the international community. If Hamas was really intending the continuity of extremism was never joining Fatah movement in favor of Mahmoud Abbas.
Israeli Prime Minister has two options:
First, this scenario is created by some Palestinian extremists to disrupt peace talks, therefore it is expected that smart politicians avoid this scenario and entering a mined field by predicting it. Second, the scenario is written by the Cabinet (Foreign) of Israel and Netanyahu is obeying it.
It is expected that the Prime Minister of Israel, as well as other leaders of democratic governments, pursue the goal of permanent peace for Israel and as condemns extremist groups, avoid selecting options that may lead to the victory of the scenario of a few extremists.

Wednesday, April 2, 2014

Israel's decision for Tel Aviv!

Many of human right activists, people and even some politicians in the world take Tel Aviv responsible for the failure of peace negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians. While the peace between Israel and the Palestinians need unity of all Palestinian groups. In current situation, the most important issue for Palestine is presence of extremist organization and groups such as Hamas and the Lebanese Hezbollah which believe in armed conflict. Surely, if the peace talks be successful, the extremist groups will change the resulting peace into insecurity and war in both Israeli and Palestine. Even it's possible that the extremist groups which are now like a shadow cabinet and also own weapons attempt coup and control the government after recognition of Palestine as an independent country and success of peace negotiation. 
Israel doesn't want theater acting of peace but real peace is the aim of Israel. But as long as Palestinian National Authority can't cancel the threat of extremism, it will be impossible to achieve the peace.
Also the international community just like Tel Aviv failed to trust to Palestinian. Legal status of the state of Palestine isn't more complex that Taiwan's for sure. But countries by establishing consular and commercial relation with Taiwan convert the state to one of the most influential economic power in the world.
It's should be noted that from the perspective of international law independence of Taiwan from China is illegal because unlike countries such as USA, India, Switzerland and etc. China isn't federal and any province in China can't have privilege of the autonomy (unlike the situation of states in federal) and thus can't be independent. 
But most countries are reluctant to take the same policy in Palestine as they applied for Taiwan. So Israel view to Palestine issue isn't limited only to Tel Aviv but also has global scope. 
Undoubtedly peace is the wish of all Israel people. Peace can have real positive results even for those citizens who are only thinking of their own interests including eliminating the military services obligation in Israel. Length of this obligation period is 3 years of men and 2 years for women which can probably change by peace establishment to a selective one rather than being an obligation or reduce military budget and heath or education budget increase instead. 
The new generations of Israel politician which is born in last few year want establishing a new order in Middle East.
Clearly they want to leave the old existing tradition and orders. 
Tel Aviv wants all European, American and Middle East countries try to bring out Hamas and Hezbollah from current armed and dangerous situation as an essential prerequisite for peace and identify the problem of instability in Palestine as an obstacle for peace establishment.